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  "plannedHeightLabel": "1,000+ m",
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      "id": "merdeka",
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      "shape": "merdeka",
      "description": "A faceted crystalline tower crowned by a long, slender spire. Also known as Menara Merdeka Maybank.",
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        "date": "2023-11-23",
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      "country": "China",
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      "year": 2015,
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      "description": "A twisting outer envelope wraps stacked vertical neighbourhoods, reducing wind loads as the tower rises.",
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    },
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      "name": "Makkah Royal Clock Tower",
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      "country": "Saudi Arabia",
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      "shape": "clock",
      "description": "The central tower of Abraj Al Bait is distinguished by its monumental clock faces and crescent-topped spire.",
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        "date": "2015-02-20",
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      "id": "pingan",
      "name": "Ping An Finance Centre",
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      "country": "China",
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      "description": "A tapered office tower with prominent corner piers and a pyramidal crown.",
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        "date": "2023-03-24",
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      "id": "lotte",
      "name": "Lotte World Tower",
      "city": "Seoul",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "height": 554.5,
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        "author": "LOTTE",
        "date": "",
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      "id": "onewtc",
      "name": "One World Trade Center",
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      "country": "United States",
      "height": 541.3,
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      "description": "A square base transforms into an octagonal middle before returning to a square crown, topped by an architectural spire.",
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      "status": "completed",
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        "author": "Matthew Bellemare",
        "date": "2019-08-25",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_world_trade_center_august_2019.jpg",
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      "id": "guangzhou",
      "name": "Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre",
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      "country": "China",
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      "description": "A terracotta-clad mixed-use tower with stepped setbacks responding to different uses.",
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        "date": "2016-12-10",
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      "id": "tianjin",
      "name": "Tianjin CTF Finance Centre",
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      "country": "China",
      "height": 530,
      "year": 2019,
      "floors": 97,
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      "description": "A gently curving tower with a rounded crown and an undulating façade.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
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        "date": "2024-09-21",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tianjin_CTF_Finance_Centre.jpg",
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    {
      "id": "citic",
      "name": "CITIC Tower",
      "city": "Beijing",
      "country": "China",
      "height": 527.7,
      "year": 2018,
      "floors": 109,
      "shape": "citic",
      "description": "The China Zun silhouette narrows at its middle and broadens at the base and crown.",
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      "status": "completed",
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        "author": "N509FZ",
        "date": "2021-09-27",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_Zun_in_2020.jpg",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
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    {
      "id": "taipei",
      "name": "Taipei 101",
      "city": "Taipei",
      "country": "Taiwan",
      "height": 508,
      "year": 2004,
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      "description": "Eight stacked modules recall a bamboo stalk. A tuned mass damper helps control movement.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
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        "author": "eugene_o",
        "date": "2017-10-23",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2017-10-23_Exterior_of_Taipei_101.jpg",
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      "id": "swfc",
      "name": "Shanghai World Financial Center",
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      "country": "China",
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      "year": 2008,
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      "description": "A sharply tapered tower with a distinctive trapezoidal opening through its crown.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
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        "author": "Ermell",
        "date": "2015-05-16",
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      "id": "icc",
      "name": "International Commerce Centre",
      "city": "Hong Kong",
      "country": "China",
      "height": 484,
      "year": 2010,
      "floors": 108,
      "shape": "icc",
      "description": "A square-plan mixed-use tower rising above the Kowloon waterfront.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
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        "date": "2010-10-17",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Commerce_Centre_201010.JPG",
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      "id": "wuhan",
      "name": "Wuhan Greenland Center",
      "city": "Wuhan",
      "country": "China",
      "height": 475.6,
      "year": 2023,
      "floors": 101,
      "shape": "wuhan",
      "description": "A three-sided, tapering mixed-use tower with a rounded aerodynamic crown.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wuhan-greenland-center/33983",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/wuhan.webp",
        "author": "Aangkianghai",
        "date": "2022-08-12",
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      "id": "central",
      "name": "Central Park Tower",
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      "country": "United States",
      "height": 472.4,
      "year": 2020,
      "floors": 98,
      "shape": "central",
      "description": "A slender residential tower with a cantilever over its neighbouring building and a stepped crown.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/central-park-tower/14269",
      "status": "completed",
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        "author": "Percival Kestreltail",
        "date": "2021-04-24",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Park_Tower_April_2021.jpg",
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    {
      "id": "lakhta",
      "name": "Lakhta Center",
      "city": "St. Petersburg",
      "country": "Russia",
      "height": 462,
      "year": 2019,
      "floors": 87,
      "shape": "shanghai",
      "description": "A twisting, tapered tower whose five wings rotate as they rise.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
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        "author": "Wagon",
        "date": "2022-07-03",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lakhta_Center_and_the_railway_bridge.jpg",
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    {
      "id": "landmark",
      "name": "Landmark 81",
      "city": "Ho Chi Minh City",
      "country": "Vietnam",
      "height": 461.2,
      "year": 2018,
      "floors": 81,
      "shape": "burj",
      "description": "A cluster of bundled volumes rises in staggered steps, inspired by bamboo.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
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        "author": "Gzzz",
        "date": "2025-07-07",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Landmark_81_(1).jpg",
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    {
      "id": "exchange",
      "name": "The Exchange 106",
      "city": "Kuala Lumpur",
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "height": 453.6,
      "year": 2019,
      "floors": 95,
      "shape": "icc",
      "description": "A rectilinear office tower with an illuminated, faceted crown.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
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        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/The_Exchange_106_20241022_-_full.jpg",
        "author": "Ahmad Ali Karim",
        "date": "2024-10-22",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Exchange_106_20241022_-_full.jpg",
        "license": "CC0 1.0",
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    {
      "id": "changsha",
      "name": "Changsha IFS Tower T1",
      "city": "Changsha",
      "country": "China",
      "height": 452.1,
      "year": 2018,
      "floors": 94,
      "shape": "ctf",
      "description": "A stepped commercial tower forming part of the city’s International Finance Square.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
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        "date": "2019-07-20",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Changsha_IFS_10928-Changsha_%2848549682572%29.jpg",
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    {
      "id": "petronas1",
      "name": "Petronas Twin Tower 1",
      "city": "Kuala Lumpur",
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "height": 451.9,
      "year": 1998,
      "floors": 88,
      "shape": "petronas",
      "description": "A stainless-steel tower with an Islamic geometric plan, tiered setbacks and a pointed crown.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/petronas1.webp",
        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Petronas_Towers_20260320.jpg",
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        "date": "2026-03-20",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petronas_Towers_20260320.jpg",
        "license": "CC0 1.0",
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    },
    {
      "id": "petronas2",
      "name": "Petronas Twin Tower 2",
      "city": "Kuala Lumpur",
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "height": 451.9,
      "year": 1998,
      "floors": 88,
      "shape": "petronas",
      "description": "The second of the identical towers connected by a double-deck skybridge.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/petronas2.webp",
        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Petronas_Towers_20260320.jpg",
        "author": "DvTor8303",
        "date": "2026-03-20",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petronas_Towers_20260320.jpg",
        "license": "CC0 1.0",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "remoteUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Petronas_Towers_20260320.jpg/500px-Petronas_Towers_20260320.jpg",
        "conversion": "Converted to WebP; full frame preserved."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "suzhou",
      "name": "Suzhou IFS",
      "city": "Suzhou",
      "country": "China",
      "height": 450,
      "year": 2019,
      "floors": 95,
      "shape": "lotte",
      "description": "A curved mixed-use tower overlooking Jinji Lake.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/suzhou.webp",
        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Suzhou_IFS-20180829.jpg",
        "remoteUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Suzhou_IFS-20180829.jpg/500px-Suzhou_IFS-20180829.jpg",
        "author": "Shwangtianyuan",
        "date": "2018-08-29",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suzhou_IFS-20180829.jpg",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "conversion": "Converted to WebP; full frame preserved."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "zifeng",
      "name": "Zifeng Tower",
      "city": "Nanjing",
      "country": "China",
      "height": 450,
      "year": 2010,
      "floors": 66,
      "shape": "ping",
      "description": "A stepped tower with an angular crown and a tall architectural spire.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/zifeng.webp",
        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Zifeng_Tower.jpg",
        "author": "钉钉",
        "date": "2021-11-28",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zifeng_Tower.jpg",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "remoteUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zifeng_Tower.jpg/500px-Zifeng_Tower.jpg",
        "conversion": "Converted to WebP; full frame preserved."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "willis",
      "name": "Willis Tower",
      "city": "Chicago",
      "country": "United States",
      "height": 442.1,
      "year": 1974,
      "floors": 108,
      "shape": "willis",
      "description": "Nine bundled square tubes terminate at different heights. Antennas are excluded from architectural height.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/willis.webp",
        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg",
        "remoteUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Sears_Tower_ss.jpg",
        "author": "Soakologist",
        "date": "1998",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sears_Tower_ss.jpg",
        "license": "Copyrighted free use",
        "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tags#Free_licenses",
        "conversion": "Converted to WebP; full frame preserved."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "empire",
      "name": "Empire State Building",
      "city": "New York City",
      "country": "United States",
      "height": 381,
      "year": 1931,
      "floors": 102,
      "shape": "empire",
      "description": "Art Deco setbacks culminate in a mooring mast. Its later antenna is excluded from architectural height.",
      "source": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/buildings",
      "status": "completed",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/empire.webp",
        "fallbackUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Empire_State_Building_pano.jpg",
        "author": "Daniel Schwen",
        "date": "2008-05-26",
        "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empire_State_Building_pano.jpg",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "remoteUrl": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Empire_State_Building_pano.jpg/330px-Empire_State_Building_pano.jpg",
        "conversion": "Converted to WebP; full frame preserved."
      }
    }
  ],
  "updates": [
    {
      "id": "apr2026",
      "height": 400,
      "level": 100,
      "observationDate": "2026-04-20",
      "publicationDate": "2026-04-20",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/news/jeddah-tower-construction-update-100-floors-completed-1-kilometer-megatall",
      "sourceName": "Thornton Tomasetti",
      "verification": "official",
      "description": "The structural engineer documents the 100-floor, 400-metre milestone. Height is an approximate documented milestone, not a survey measurement."
    },
    {
      "id": "oct2026",
      "height": 474,
      "level": 118,
      "observationDate": "2026-10-07",
      "publicationDate": "2026-10-07",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-10-07-skyscraper-record-saudi-arabias-jeddah-tower-hits-474m",
      "sourceName": "The Star / SBG project director",
      "verification": "reported",
      "description": "Approximately 474 metres at structural Level 118, reported following the latest concrete pour. Observation date follows the dated report; exact pour date is not specified."
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "date": "2013",
      "title": "A new ambition breaks ground",
      "description": "Construction begins on the first planned kilometre-high skyscraper.",
      "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/jeddah-tower",
      "photo": null
    },
    {
      "date": "2018",
      "title": "The skyline pauses",
      "description": "Construction enters a prolonged suspension. No precise height measurement is attached to this event.",
      "source": "https://www.thorntontomasetti.com/project/jeddah-tower",
      "photo": null
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-01-20",
      "title": "Back on the rise",
      "description": "Kingdom Holding announces the restart of construction and concrete pouring.",
      "source": "https://www.argaam.com/en/article/articledetail/id/1783678",
      "photo": null
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-08",
      "title": "Core Level 69",
      "description": "The architects report Core Level 69. No height in metres is inferred from its floor count.",
      "level": 69,
      "source": "https://people.com/new-worlds-tallest-building-jeddah-tower-saudi-arabia-height-construction-photos-11836552",
      "photo": null
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-09-21",
      "title": "A view from the ground",
      "description": "A dated construction photograph documents the tower in September 2025. This image is not used to infer a height or floor count.",
      "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jeddah_Tower_2025.jpg",
      "photo": {
        "url": "/photos/jeddah-history.webp",
        "author": "Xtremez21",
        "date": "2025-09-21",
        "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "conversion": "Resized and converted to WebP; full frame preserved."
      }
    }
  ]
}